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Reported speech ( Indirect )
Statements الجمل الخبرية
لتحويل الجملة الخبرية من المباشر إلى الغير المباشر يجب إتباع الآتي :-
1) تحويل فعل القول :

Say Say Say to tell
Says Says Says to tells
Said Said Said to told

) للربط that2) الأقواس : تحذف وتستخدم (
3) الضمائر : تتغير على حسب الضمائر
4) الزمن

Present simple simple Past simple
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Past simple Past perfect
( can + inf .) ( could + inf .)
( will + inf.) ( would + inf.)
( shall + inf.) ( should + inf .)
( may + inf.) ( might + inf.)
( must / have to / has to + inf ( had to + ninf .)
Must be Must have + p.p

5- ظروف المكان والزمان
this That
These Those
Here There
Now Then
Today That day
Tonight That night
Yesterday That day before / the previous day
Tomorrow The day next ( following ) day
Next ( week ) The week after
Last ( week ) The week before
The day after tomorrow in two days’ time
Come Go
Bring Take

Ex. He said “ Would you mind opening the door ?
He wanted ( asked ) me to open the door .
إذا كان السؤال يبدأ بـــ ( would you like + n. )
( offered me + n. ) يتحول إلى
Ex. She said “ Would you like some tea ? “
She offered me some tea .
يمكن أن تتحول (said) إلى إحدى التعبيرات الآتية :
( I want to know / I suggest / I wonder / I’d like to know / I don’t know / I inquired )
Ex. “ Are you ready ? “ , he said . ( He wanted to know ) He wanted to know if I was ready .
الجملة الامرية
He said to me " clean the room ."
لتحويلها (1)يحول فعل القول الى told
(2) حذف الاقواس والربط to / not to
He told me to clean the room .
الجملة الطلبية

"Please , give me a cup of tea?" said Hani to the waiter .
لتحويلها (1) يحول فعل القول الي ________asked
(2) حذف ما يدل علي الطلب والربط ب to / not to
Hani asked the waiter to give him a cup of tea.
أولا: اهم الأفعال التى يأتى بعدها to + المصدر
Agree –refuse-arrange- long-promise- expect- dare- afford-managed- deserve- attempet-mean-threaten-offer-hope- want- learn- wish- decide-pretened.
ثانياً افعال ياتي بعدها + ing
Practice- avoid-dislike- suggest- don't mind- prevent- fancy-keep on – enjoy- recommend – finish- imagine- miss – delay- risk- give up- deny- go on
تعبيرات ياتي بعدها = ing
Look forward to- be used to- long to- get used to- object to –be accustomed to
افعال ياتي بعدها to +inf / ing
والاختلاف بسيط ,في حالة المصدر تعبر عن مناسبة معينة /في حالة ing فكرة عامة
love – like- prefer- hate
- Don’t play with matches , will you ?
- Everyone / No one knows the answer , don’t they / do they ?
- Everything / nothing is in order , isn’t it / is it ?
- There is hardly any money , is there ? ( rarely / seldom / never )
- They thought that he would bring the money , wouldn’t he ?
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Modal verbs
1) can / could / ( be) able to
تستخدم (can ) لتعبر عن شئ يمكن حدوثه الآن او فى المستقبل :
Ex. - I can speak English well . ( ability )
تستخدم ( can / can’t ) لنعبرعن شئ مسموح به أو غير مسموح به :
Ex. -You can enter this room . permission
- You can’t park here .
: ( could / be able to )
لنعبر عن الإستطاعة فى الماضى نستخدم
Ex.- He could go home alone .
could / could have
تستخدم بمعنى ماضى can
. He could not pass the physics exams when he was at school .
تستخدم (could ) بمعنى المضارع أو المستقبل فى جمل الاقتراح أو الاذن والطلب :
Ex.Could / can I get you a cup of tea ?
- could I use your dictionary ?
تستخدم (could have ) بمعنى شئ كان يمكن أن يحدث في الماضي ولم يحدث أو فرصة لم تغتنم
Ex. He went to school on foot , he could have taken a taxi
3) must / have to / mustn’t / don’t have to
نستخدم ( must / have to ) لنعبر عن معنى شئ هام جدا حدوثه :
Ex. It’s raining , I must / have to take a taxi .
نستخدم ( mustn’t ) بمعنى غير مسموح forbidden
Ex. You mustn’t enter this it is forbidden .
نستخدم (don’t have to ) بمعنى لاداعى unnecessary
Ex. You don’t have to (needn’t) drink
have to / have got to
( necessaryالإلزام ) تعطى نفس المعنى فى
I have to / have got to wait for her .

don’t have to وعند النفى
ضمائر تستخدم كروابط لتجنب التكرار
This – these
I was given an omelet . This was served with a salad
The government has promised lower taxation , a better health service and more money for education . These will be great improvements .
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التأكيد
Not very -Very+صفة /ظرف
Hassan has been very ill
This computer is old , so it works very slowly
This essay is not very good
Very much- So much
I enjoyed the film very much
Thank you so much
Extremely / really / terribly / awfully+(p.p/adj/adverb)
My teacher was extremely helpful.
My horse ran terribly slowly
Such a / an + adj . + n.
Adel is such a funny chap
يمكن إضافة بعض الكلمات للتأكيد مثل
1- The thing that really ……
2- What …….. me is that
The thing that really annoys me is that this airline's check – in takes so long
What annoys me about this airline is that the check-in takes so long
It + be + relative clause
It was the door bell that rang
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ادوات الربط
Ways of saying “ because “
تستخدم الكلمات والتعبيرات الاتية اتبين سبب حدوث الشىء
لان because , as , since + فعل + فاعل
Because of , due to , owing to , for
+ الاسم / v.ing
On account of , thanks to , through
ادوات ربط الغرض
تستخدم الروابط الاتية لتبين الغرض من فعل الشىء
So that , in order that + فاعل can / could + May/ might +المصدر

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